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Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. The term is derived from the Latin word ラテン語:''secernere'', "to distinguish" or "to set apart", the passive participle (ラテン語:''secretum'') meaning "having been set apart", with the eventual connotation of something private or confidential, as with the English word ''secret.'' A ラテン語:''secretarius'' was a person, therefore, overseeing business confidentially, usually for a powerful individual (a king, pope, etc.). The official title of the leader of most Communist and Socialist political parties is the "General Secretary of the Central Committee" or "First Secretary of the Central Committee". When a Communist party is in power, the General Secretary is usually the country's ''de facto'' leader (though sometimes this leader also holds state-level positions to monopolize power, such as a presidency or premiership in order to constitute ''de jure'' leadership of the state), such as China and Cuba. In England, the term ''secretarius'' was used "from the beginning of the thirteenth century in the varying meanings of a confidential clerk, an ambassador, or a member of the king's council".〔J. Otway-Ruthven, ''The King's Secretary and the Signet Office in the XV Century'' (1939), p. 60.〕 In the fourteenth century, the title became strongly associated with the keeper of the king's signet.〔 From the Renaissance to the late 19th century, men involved in the daily correspondence and the activities of the powerful assumed the title of secretary. With time, like many titles, the term was applied to more and varied functions, leading to compound titles to specify the authority associated with its use, like general secretary or financial secretary. In some countries, such as the United States, the term ''secretary'' is used to indicate the holder of a cabinet-level post. This usage derives in part from the desire of the founders of the United States to differentiate the country from the United Kingdom, which denoted such offices as Ministers. There are a number of popular variations of the title used to indicate that the secretary in question has a high degree of authority, such as general secretary (or, following usage in the Norman language, secretary-general), first secretary, and executive secretary. In a club or society, the secretary is also considered to be, in most cases, the third person in charge of the organization, after the president/chairman and vice president/vice chairman.〔''Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised'', 4th edition, Scott, Foresman and Company, Chicago, 1915, pp. 244–247.〕 In smaller organizations, the secretary typically takes meeting minutes, notifies members of meetings, contacts various persons in relation to the society, administers the day-to-day activities of the organization, and creates the order of business. The secretary of a non-governmental organization (NGO) or international non-governmental organization (INGO) can be vice president/vice chairman.〔 ==General secretary== General secretary occurs as the title of a ministerial position of authority found in various organizations, often including labor unions and communist party organizations. Examples include: *General Secretary of the Communist Party of China *General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam *General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party *General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union *General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea *General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party *General Secretary of the Labour Party *General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Secretary (title)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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